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What is an In-Text Citation? Basics, Examples & Formatting for Academic Writing

Discover how to use in-text citations to credit sources directly in your writing. Learn the differences between parenthetical and narrative citations, and how they work in APA, MLA, and Harvard styles.

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What is an In-Text Citation?

An in-text citation gives credit to the original source of information within the body of your paper. It helps readers identify the source in your reference list or bibliography. In-text citations are essential for maintaining academic honesty and avoiding plagiarism.

Examples of In-Text Citations

  • APA Style: (Smith, 2021)
  • Harvard Style: (Smith, 2021)
  • MLA Style: (Smith 45)

Types of In-Text Citations

  • Parenthetical: Source details appear in parentheses at the end of a sentence.
  • Narrative: Author’s name is included within the sentence itself.

Best Practices for In-Text Citations

  • Match each in-text citation to a full reference list entry.
  • Use the correct punctuation and format for your chosen style.
  • Place citations close to the quoted or paraphrased material.

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